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What is Cosmos?

Cosmos is an evolving ecosystem of connected applications, services, and products that are geared towards a decentralized future. It is an open-source, community-owned, and managed network of connected services. Cosmos' apps and services connect through Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol (IBC). It allows you to exchange assets and data across sovereign blockchains.

What problem does Cosmos solve?

Scalability

The shared transaction rate of 15 transactions a second prevents decentralized applications on Ethereum Blockchain from operating. This is because Ethereum continues to use the Proof-of-Work mechanism and its Decentralized Applications compete for limited resources of one blockchain.

The problem is not just Ethereum. Every blockchain can create a single platform to suit all use cases.

Cosmos' Solution

Cosmos utilizes two types scalability:

Vertical Scalability

It provides methods to scale blockchains. Tendermint BFT handles thousands of transactions per seconds by optimizing its components. 

Horizontal Scalability

Blockchains can theoretically become infinitely scalable by having multiple parallel chains that all run the same app and are managed by the same validator.

Cosmos provides vertical scaling right from launch. This is an important improvement over existing blockchains. Once the IBC module is completed, Cosmos will implement horizontal scaleability solutions.

What are the key tools/ frameworks/ SDKs Cosmos uses for its work?

Agoric Swingset

Agoric’s Cosmic SwingSet enables developers the ability to test smart transactions built with ERTP under various blockchain environments. ERTP (Electronic Rights Transfer Protocol), Agoric’s token protocol for transferring tokens or other digital assets in JavaScript, is ERTP.

CosmWasm

It allows developers the ability to write multichain smart contracts in Rust.

Ethermint

The Ethereum Virtual Machine was implemented using a CosmosSDK module. This makes it possible deploy proof-of stake blockchains that can support Ethereum smart contracts.

Cosmos SDK 

It's a library that contains a variety of SDKs. This allows any blockchain protocol developer to quickly write, execute, and run the program code with the help of the SDK library.

Protocol IBC

Inter-Blockchain Communication allows a blockchain protocol to communicate directly with another blockchain protocol. It can be used to build many cross-chain applications such as token transfers, atomic swaps, multi-chain smart contracts, data and code Sharding, and multi-chain Smart Contracts.

Cosmos is an eco-system built around a series of interchangeable, modular and adaptable tools. It makes it simple to develop blockchains with Cosmos SDK, Tendermint BFT, and Cosmos SDK. Cosmos allows you to scale your blockchain application to millions using horizontal and vertical scaling.

Read more - https://www.leewayhertz.com/everything-about-cosmos-blockchain/

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